Articles

Supported by NGEU funds, Spain’s knowledge economy has made progress in key areas such as R&D investment and product innovation-related sales. However, gaps in talent formation, digitalization, and a weakening focus on sustainability threaten long-term growth unless more targeted reforms are implemented.

Spain’s housing market is under strain due to a persistent supply-demand imbalance, particularly in major urban centers, exacerbating affordability challenges. Lessons from other European countries highlight the need to cut red tape, improve land-use policies, and foster public-private partnerships to boost housing availability and long-term market stability.

Growth rates across the countries of southern Europe, once considered the weakest link in the eurozone, have outpaced the bloc’s core economies in recent years. While structural reforms have played a part, continued economic convergence within the eurozone will depend on consolidation of structural improvements, boosting productivity and resilience to global uncertainty.

The Federal Reserve’s stable interest rate policy contrasts with the European Central Bank’s continued rate cuts aimed at stimulating weak eurozone growth. While monetary policy divergence is strengthening the dollar, albeit not consistently, and driving capital flows to the US, geopolitical fragmentation and protectionism are exacerbating economic uncertainty, generating bond market volatility and weakening global policy coordination.

Este artículo muestra la evolución de las variables de output (valor añadido bruto), empleo y formación de capital fijo para los distintos sectores institucionales de la economía española (sociedades no financieras, sociedades financieras, hogares y entidades sin ánimo de lucro y administraciones públicas) en los últimos veinticinco años que coinciden con los años desde la creación de la zona del euro.