Carnicero Urabayen, Carlos

Trade sits at the intersection of Europe’s economic risks and its strategic opportunities. That was the starting point of the latest Future is Blue episode, where we spoke with Ignacio García Bercero, Bruegel Senior Fellow and former EU chief trade negotiator with the United States, and Miguel Ángel González-Simón, economist at Funcas.

As 2025 draws to a close, Europe is confronting an uncomfortable reality: the external environment has changed faster than the EU’s ability to adapt.

Europe’s productivity performance is often explained by technology, skills or firms’ behaviour.